Systems, Methods, and Graphical User Interfaces for Sharing Augmented Reality Environments

ABSTRACT

A first electronic device with one or more processors, memory, one or more cameras, and a display generation component captures, with the one or more cameras, an image of a second electronic device that includes position information displayed via a display generation component of the second electronic device. The position information indicates a location of the second electronic device within an augmented reality environment that includes a physical environment in which the first electronic device and the second electronic device are located. The first electronic device, after capturing the image of the second electronic device that includes the position information, displays, via the display generation component of the first electronic device, one or more virtual objects within the augmented reality (AR) environment using the position information captured from the second electronic device.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/082,940, filed Sep. 24, 2020, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This relates generally to computer systems for augmented reality, including but not limited to electronic devices that display virtual objects in a shared augmented reality environment.

BACKGROUND

The development of computer systems for augmented reality has increased significantly in recent years. But methods and interfaces for interacting with environments that include at least some virtual elements (e.g., augmented reality environments, mixed reality environments, and virtual reality environments) are cumbersome and inefficient.

For example, systems that require users to start a new virtual/augmented reality environment to add other users when the environment begins, systems that require users to identify and create a shared anchor point from a particular object in the physical world, and systems that do not allow multiple users to share and view virtual objects on a plurality of devices, create a significant burden on a user and detract from the experience with the virtual/augmented reality environment. In addition, these methods take longer than necessary, thereby wasting energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-operated devices.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, there is a need for computer systems with faster, more efficient methods and interfaces for sharing virtual/augmented reality environments. Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace conventional methods for sharing virtual/augmented reality environments. Such methods and interfaces reduce the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user and produce a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated devices, such methods and interfaces conserve power and increase the time between battery charges.

The above deficiencies and other problems associated with user interfaces for virtual/augmented reality are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed computer systems. In some embodiments, the computer system includes a desktop computer. In some embodiments, the computer system is portable (e.g., a notebook computer, tablet computer, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the computer system includes a personal electronic device (e.g., a wearable electronic device, such as a watch). In some embodiments, the computer system has (and/or is in communication with) a touchpad. In some embodiments, the computer system has (and/or is in communication with) a touch-sensitive display (also known as a “touch screen” or “touch-screen display”). In some embodiments, the computer system has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI in part through stylus and/or finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive surface. In some embodiments, the functions optionally include game playing, image editing, drawing, presenting, word processing, spreadsheet making, telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, workout support, digital photographing, digital videoing, web browsing, digital music playing, note taking, and/or digital video playing. Executable instructions for performing these functions are, optionally, included in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method is performed at an electronic device with one or more processors, memory, and one or more cameras, that is in communication with a display generation component. The method includes capturing, with the one or more cameras, an image of a second electronic device that includes position information displayed via a display generation component of the second electronic device. The position information indicates a location of the second electronic device within an augmented reality environment that includes a physical environment in which the first electronic device and the second electronic device are located. The method further includes, after capturing the image of the second electronic device that includes the position information, displaying, via the display generation component of the first electronic device, one or more virtual objects within the augmented reality (AR) environment using the position information captured from the second electronic device.

In accordance with some embodiments, a computer system includes (and/or is in communication with) a display generation component (e.g., a display, a projector, a head-mounted display, a heads-up display, or the like), one or more cameras (e.g., video cameras that continuously, or repeatedly at regular intervals, provide a live preview of at least a portion of the contents that are within the field of view of the cameras and optionally generate video outputs including one or more streams of image frames capturing the contents within the field of view of the cameras), and one or more input devices (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface, such as a touch-sensitive remote control, or a touch-screen display that also serves as the display generation component, a mouse, a joystick, a wand controller, and/or cameras tracking the position of one or more features of the user such as the user's hands), optionally one or more pose sensors, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more tactile output generators, one or more processors, and memory storing one or more programs. The one or more programs are configured to be executed by the one or more processors and the one or more programs include instructions for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein.

In accordance with some embodiments, a computer readable storage medium has stored therein instructions that, when executed by a computer system that includes (and/or is in communication with) a display generation component, one or more cameras, one or more input devices, optionally one or more pose sensors, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more tactile output generators, cause the computer system to perform or cause performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user interface on a computer system that includes (and/or is in communication with) a display generation component, one or more cameras, one or more input devices, optionally one or more pose sensors, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more tactile output generators, a memory, and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory includes one or more of the elements displayed in any of the methods described herein, which are updated in response to inputs, as described in any of the methods described herein.

In accordance with some embodiments, a computer system includes (and/or is in communication with) a display generation component, one or more cameras, one or more input devices, optionally one or more pose sensors, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, optionally one or more tactile output generators, and means for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein. In accordance with some embodiments, an information processing apparatus, for use in a computer system that includes (and/or is in communication with) a display generation component, one or more cameras, one or more input devices, optionally one or more pose sensors, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more tactile output generators, includes means for performing or causing performance of the operations of any of the methods described herein.

Thus, computer systems that have (and/or are in communication with) a display generation component, one or more cameras, one or more input devices, optionally one or more pose sensors, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more tactile output generators, are provided with improved methods and interfaces for sharing virtual/augmented reality environments, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such computer systems. Such methods and interfaces may complement or replace conventional methods for sharing virtual/augmented reality environments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Description of Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.

FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating example components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 1C is a block diagram illustrating a tactile output module in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device having a touch screen in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3A is a block diagram of an example multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 3B-3C are block diagrams of example computer systems in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4A illustrates an example user interface for a menu of applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4B illustrates an example user interface for a multifunction device with a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 5A-5L illustrate example user interfaces for sharing augmented reality environments between electronic devices in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 6A-6B are flow diagrams of a process for sharing, between electronic devices, virtual objects within an augmented reality environment in accordance with some embodiments.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

A virtual object is a graphical representation of a three-dimensional object in a virtual environment. Conventional methods and interfaces for interacting with environments that include at least some virtual elements (e.g., augmented reality environments, mixed reality environments, and virtual reality environments) are cumbersome and inefficient. For example, systems that require users to start a new virtual/augmented reality environment to add other users when the environment begins, systems that require users to identify and create a shared anchor point from a particular object in the physical world, and systems that do not allow multiple users to share and view virtual objects on a plurality of devices, create a significant burden on a user and detract from the experience with the virtual/augmented reality environment. Further, conventional methods require a cumbersome series of inputs for sharing an AR environment that includes virtual objects, between a plurality of electronic devices. The embodiments herein provide an intuitive way for a user to share objects within an AR environment with other devices.

The systems, methods, and GUIs described herein improve user interface interactions with virtual/augmented reality environments in multiple ways. For example, they make it easier to: share an augmented reality environment from a first device to a second device and synchronize the augmented reality (AR) environment across devices, such that virtual objects within the AR environment are displayed on respective devices at positions within the AR environment (relative to where the device is located in the AR environment).

Below, FIGS. 1A-1B, 2, and 3 provide a description of example devices. FIGS. 4A-4B and 5A-5L illustrate example user interfaces for sharing virtual/augmented reality environments. FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate a flow diagram of a method of sharing, between electronic devices, virtual objects within an augmented reality environment. The user interfaces in FIGS. 5A-5L are used to illustrate the processes in FIGS. 6A-6B.

Example Devices

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments.

It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact could be termed a second contact, and, similarly, a second contact could be termed a first contact, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event],” depending on the context.

Computer systems for virtual/augmented reality include electronic devices that produce virtual/augmented reality environments. Embodiments of electronic devices, user interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the device is a portable communications device, such as a mobile telephone, that also contains other functions, such as PDA and/or music player functions. Example embodiments of portable multifunction devices include, without limitation, the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. Other portable electronic devices, such as laptops or tablet computers with touch-sensitive surfaces (e.g., touch-screen displays and/or touchpads), are, optionally, used. It should also be understood that, in some embodiments, the device is not a portable communications device, but is a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-screen display and/or a touchpad) that also includes, or is in communication with, one or more cameras.

In the discussion that follows, a computer system that includes an electronic device that has (and/or is in communication with) a display and a touch-sensitive surface is described. It should be understood, however, that the computer system optionally includes one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a physical keyboard, a mouse, a joystick, a wand controller, and/or cameras tracking the position of one or more features of the user such as the user's hands.

The device typically supports a variety of applications, such as one or more of the following: a gaming application, a note taking application, a drawing application, a presentation application, a word processing application, a spreadsheet application, a telephone application, a video conferencing application, an e-mail application, an instant messaging application, a workout support application, a photo management application, a digital camera application, a digital video camera application, a web browsing application, a digital music player application, and/or a digital video player application.

The various applications that are executed on the device optionally use at least one common physical user-interface device, such as the touch-sensitive surface. One or more functions of the touch-sensitive surface as well as corresponding information displayed by the device are, optionally, adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch-sensitive surface) of the device optionally supports the variety of applications with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent to the user.

Attention is now directed toward embodiments of portable devices with touch-sensitive displays. FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating portable multifunction device 100 with touch-sensitive display system 112 in accordance with some embodiments. Touch-sensitive display system 112 is sometimes called a “touch screen” for convenience, and is sometimes simply called a touch-sensitive display. Device 100 includes memory 102 (which optionally includes one or more computer readable storage mediums), memory controller 122, one or more processing units (CPUs) 120, peripherals interface 118, RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, microphone 113, input/output (I/O) subsystem 106, other input or control devices 116, and external port 124. Device 100 optionally includes one or more optical sensors 164 (e.g., as part of one or more cameras). Device 100 optionally includes one or more intensity sensors 165 for detecting intensities of contacts on device 100 (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system 112 of device 100). Device 100 optionally includes one or more tactile output generators 163 for generating tactile outputs on device 100 (e.g., generating tactile outputs on a touch-sensitive surface such as touch-sensitive display system 112 of device 100 or touchpad 355 of device 300). These components optionally communicate over one or more communication buses or signal lines 103.

As used in the specification and claims, the term “tactile output” refers to physical displacement of a device relative to a previous position of the device, physical displacement of a component (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface) of a device relative to another component (e.g., housing) of the device, or displacement of the component relative to a center of mass of the device that will be detected by a user with the user's sense of touch. For example, in situations where the device or the component of the device is in contact with a surface of a user that is sensitive to touch (e.g., a finger, palm, or other part of a user's hand), the tactile output generated by the physical displacement will be interpreted by the user as a tactile sensation corresponding to a perceived change in physical characteristics of the device or the component of the device. For example, movement of a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch-sensitive display or trackpad) is, optionally, interpreted by the user as a “down click” or “up click” of a physical actuator button. In some cases, a user will feel a tactile sensation such as an “down click” or “up click” even when there is no movement of a physical actuator button associated with the touch-sensitive surface that is physically pressed (e.g., displaced) by the user's movements. As another example, movement of the touch-sensitive surface is, optionally, interpreted or sensed by the user as “roughness” of the touch-sensitive surface, even when there is no change in smoothness of the touch-sensitive surface. While such interpretations of touch by a user will be subject to the individualized sensory perceptions of the user, there are many sensory perceptions of touch that are common to a large majority of users. Thus, when a tactile output is described as corresponding to a particular sensory perception of a user (e.g., an “up click,” a “down click,” “roughness”), unless otherwise stated, the generated tactile output corresponds to physical displacement of the device or a component thereof that will generate the described sensory perception for a typical (or average) user. Using tactile outputs to provide haptic feedback to a user enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, a tactile output pattern specifies characteristics of a tactile output, such as the amplitude of the tactile output, the shape of a movement waveform of the tactile output, the frequency of the tactile output, and/or the duration of the tactile output.

When tactile outputs with different tactile output patterns are generated by a device (e.g., via one or more tactile output generators that move a moveable mass to generate tactile outputs), the tactile outputs may invoke different haptic sensations in a user holding or touching the device. While the sensation of the user is based on the user's perception of the tactile output, most users will be able to identify changes in waveform, frequency, and amplitude of tactile outputs generated by the device. Thus, the waveform, frequency and amplitude can be adjusted to indicate to the user that different operations have been performed. As such, tactile outputs with tactile output patterns that are designed, selected, and/or engineered to simulate characteristics (e.g., size, material, weight, stiffness, smoothness, etc.); behaviors (e.g., oscillation, displacement, acceleration, rotation, expansion, etc.); and/or interactions (e.g., collision, adhesion, repulsion, attraction, friction, etc.) of objects in a given environment (e.g., a user interface that includes graphical features and objects, a simulated physical environment with virtual boundaries and virtual objects, a real physical environment with physical boundaries and physical objects, and/or a combination of any of the above) will, in some circumstances, provide helpful feedback to users that reduces input errors and increases the efficiency of the user's operation of the device. Additionally, tactile outputs are, optionally, generated to correspond to feedback that is unrelated to a simulated physical characteristic, such as an input threshold or a selection of an object. Such tactile outputs will, in some circumstances, provide helpful feedback to users that reduces input errors and increases the efficiency of the user's operation of the device.

In some embodiments, a tactile output with a suitable tactile output pattern serves as a cue for the occurrence of an event of interest in a user interface or behind the scenes in a device. Examples of the events of interest include activation of an affordance (e.g., a real or virtual button, or toggle switch) provided on the device or in a user interface, success or failure of a requested operation, reaching or crossing a boundary in a user interface, entry into a new state, switching of input focus between objects, activation of a new mode, reaching or crossing an input threshold, detection or recognition of a type of input or gesture, etc. In some embodiments, tactile outputs are provided to serve as a warning or an alert for an impending event or outcome that would occur unless a redirection or interruption input is timely detected. Tactile outputs are also used in other contexts to enrich the user experience, improve the accessibility of the device to users with visual or motor difficulties or other accessibility needs, and/or improve efficiency and functionality of the user interface and/or the device. Tactile outputs are optionally accompanied with audio outputs and/or visible user interface changes, which further enhance a user's experience when the user interacts with a user interface and/or the device, and facilitate better conveyance of information regarding the state of the user interface and/or the device, and which reduce input errors and increase the efficiency of the user's operation of the device.

It should be appreciated that device 100 is only one example of a portable multifunction device, and that device 100 optionally has more or fewer components than shown, optionally combines two or more components, or optionally has a different configuration or arrangement of the components. The various components shown in FIG. 1A are implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof, including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits.

Memory 102 optionally includes high-speed random access memory and optionally also includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Access to memory 102 by other components of device 100, such as CPU(s) 120 and the peripherals interface 118, is, optionally, controlled by memory controller 122.

Peripherals interface 118 can be used to couple input and output peripherals of the device to CPU(s) 120 and memory 102. The one or more processors 120 run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory 102 to perform various functions for device 100 and to process data.

In some embodiments, peripherals interface 118, CPU(s) 120, and memory controller 122 are, optionally, implemented on a single chip, such as chip 104. In some other embodiments, they are, optionally, implemented on separate chips.

RF (radio frequency) circuitry 108 receives and sends RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic signals and communicates with communications networks and other communications devices via the electromagnetic signals. RF circuitry 108 optionally includes well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory, and so forth. RF circuitry 108 optionally communicates with networks, such as the Internet, also referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless communication. The wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA), Evolution, Data-Only (EV-DO), HSPA, HSPA+, Dual-Cell HSPA (DC-HSPA), long term evolution (LTE), near field communication (NFC), wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ax, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Wi-MAX, a protocol for e-mail (e.g., Internet message access protocol (IMAP) and/or post office protocol (POP)), instant messaging (e.g., extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), Session Initiation Protocol for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE), Instant Messaging and Presence Service (IMPS)), and/or Short Message Service (SMS), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document.

Audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, and microphone 113 provide an audio interface between a user and device 100. Audio circuitry 110 receives audio data from peripherals interface 118, converts the audio data to an electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to speaker 111. Speaker 111 converts the electrical signal to human-audible sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 also receives electrical signals converted by microphone 113 from sound waves. Audio circuitry 110 converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to peripherals interface 118 for processing. Audio data is, optionally, retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory 102 and/or RF circuitry 108 by peripherals interface 118. In some embodiments, audio circuitry 110 also includes a headset jack (e.g., 212, FIG. 2). The headset jack provides an interface between audio circuitry 110 and removable audio input/output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears) and input (e.g., a microphone).

I/O subsystem 106 couples input/output peripherals on device 100, such as touch-sensitive display system 112 and other input or control devices 116, with peripherals interface 118. I/O subsystem 106 optionally includes display controller 156, optical sensor controller 158, intensity sensor controller 159, haptic feedback controller 161, and one or more input controllers 160 for other input or control devices. The one or more input controllers 160 receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control devices 116. The other input or control devices 116 optionally include physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.), dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In some alternate embodiments, input controller(s) 160 are, optionally, coupled with any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, stylus, and/or a pointer device such as a mouse. The one or more buttons (e.g., 208, FIG. 2) optionally include an up/down button for volume control of speaker 111 and/or microphone 113. The one or more buttons optionally include a push button (e.g., 206, FIG. 2).

Touch-sensitive display system 112 provides an input interface and an output interface between the device and a user. Display controller 156 receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to touch-sensitive display system 112. Touch-sensitive display system 112 displays visual output to the user. The visual output optionally includes graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed “graphics”). In some embodiments, some or all of the visual output corresponds to user interface objects. As used herein, the term “affordance” refers to a user-interactive graphical user interface object (e.g., a graphical user interface object that is configured to respond to inputs directed toward the graphical user interface object). Examples of user-interactive graphical user interface objects include, without limitation, a button, slider, icon, selectable menu item, switch, hyperlink, or other user interface control.

Touch-sensitive display system 112 has a touch-sensitive surface, sensor or set of sensors that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or tactile contact. Touch-sensitive display system 112 and display controller 156 (along with any associated modules and/or sets of instructions in memory 102) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on touch-sensitive display system 112 and converts the detected contact into interaction with user-interface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web pages or images) that are displayed on touch-sensitive display system 112. In some embodiments, a point of contact between touch-sensitive display system 112 and the user corresponds to a finger of the user or a stylus.

Touch-sensitive display system 112 optionally uses LCD (liquid crystal display) technology, LPD (light emitting polymer display) technology, or LED (light emitting diode) technology, although other display technologies are used in other embodiments. Touch-sensitive display system 112 and display controller 156 optionally detect contact and any movement or breaking thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensing technologies now known or later developed, including but not limited to capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elements for determining one or more points of contact with touch-sensitive display system 112. In some embodiments, projected mutual capacitance sensing technology is used, such as that found in the iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.

Touch-sensitive display system 112 optionally has a video resolution in excess of 100 dpi. In some embodiments, the touch screen video resolution is in excess of 400 dpi (e.g., 500 dpi, 800 dpi, or greater). The user optionally makes contact with touch-sensitive display system 112 using any suitable object or appendage, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work with finger-based contacts and gestures, which can be less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area of contact of a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer/cursor position or command for performing the actions desired by the user.

In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, device 100 optionally includes a touchpad for activating or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments, the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that, unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The touchpad is, optionally, a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from touch-sensitive display system 112 or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch screen.

Device 100 also includes power system 162 for powering the various components. Power system 162 optionally includes a power management system, one or more power sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable devices.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more optical sensors 164 (e.g., as part of one or more cameras). FIG. 1A shows an optical sensor coupled with optical sensor controller 158 in I/O subsystem 106. Optical sensor(s) 164 optionally include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. Optical sensor(s) 164 receive light from the environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction with imaging module 143 (also called a camera module), optical sensor(s) 164 optionally capture still images and/or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of device 100, opposite touch-sensitive display system 112 on the front of the device, so that the touch screen is enabled for use as a viewfinder for still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, another optical sensor is located on the front of the device so that the user's image is obtained (e.g., for selfies, for videoconferencing while the user views the other video conference participants on the touch screen, etc.).

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165. FIG. 1A shows a contact intensity sensor coupled with intensity sensor controller 159 in I/O subsystem 106. Contact intensity sensor(s) 165 optionally include one or more piezoresistive strain gauges, capacitive force sensors, electric force sensors, piezoelectric force sensors, optical force sensors, capacitive touch-sensitive surfaces, or other intensity sensors (e.g., sensors used to measure the force (or pressure) of a contact on a touch-sensitive surface). Contact intensity sensor(s) 165 receive contact intensity information (e.g., pressure information or a proxy for pressure information) from the environment. In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112). In some embodiments, at least one contact intensity sensor is located on the back of device 100, opposite touch-screen display system 112 which is located on the front of device 100.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more proximity sensors 166. FIG. 1A shows proximity sensor 166 coupled with peripherals interface 118. Alternately, proximity sensor 166 is coupled with input controller 160 in I/O subsystem 106. In some embodiments, the proximity sensor turns off and disables touch-sensitive display system 112 when the multifunction device is placed near the user's ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call).

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more tactile output generators 163. FIG. 1A shows a tactile output generator coupled with haptic feedback controller 161 in I/O subsystem 106. In some embodiments, tactile output generator(s) 163 include one or more electroacoustic devices such as speakers or other audio components and/or electromechanical devices that convert energy into linear motion such as a motor, solenoid, electroactive polymer, piezoelectric actuator, electrostatic actuator, or other tactile output generating component (e.g., a component that converts electrical signals into tactile outputs on the device). Tactile output generator(s) 163 receive tactile feedback generation instructions from haptic feedback module 133 and generates tactile outputs on device 100 that are capable of being sensed by a user of device 100. In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator is collocated with, or proximate to, a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112) and, optionally, generates a tactile output by moving the touch-sensitive surface vertically (e.g., in/out of a surface of device 100) or laterally (e.g., back and forth in the same plane as a surface of device 100). In some embodiments, at least one tactile output generator sensor is located on the back of device 100, opposite touch-sensitive display system 112, which is located on the front of device 100.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more accelerometers 167, gyroscopes 168, and/or magnetometers 169 (e.g., as part of an inertial measurement unit (IMU)) for obtaining information concerning the pose (e.g., position and orientation or attitude) of the device. FIG. 1A shows sensors 167, 168, and 169 coupled with peripherals interface 118. Alternately, sensors 167, 168, and 169 are, optionally, coupled with an input controller 160 in I/O subsystem 106. In some embodiments, information is displayed on the touch-screen display in a portrait view or a landscape view based on an analysis of data received from the one or more accelerometers. Device 100 optionally includes a GPS (or GLONASS or other global navigation system) receiver for obtaining information concerning the location of device 100.

In some embodiments, the software components stored in memory 102 include operating system 126, communication module (or set of instructions) 128, contact/motion module (or set of instructions) 130, graphics module (or set of instructions) 132, haptic feedback module (or set of instructions) 133, text input module (or set of instructions) 134, Global Positioning System (GPS) module (or set of instructions) 135, and applications (or sets of instructions) 136. Furthermore, in some embodiments, memory 102 stores device/global internal state 157, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 3. Device/global internal state 157 includes one or more of: active application state, indicating which applications, if any, are currently active; display state, indicating what applications, views or other information occupy various regions of touch-sensitive display system 112; sensor state, including information obtained from the device's various sensors and other input or control devices 116; and location and/or positional information concerning the device's pose (e.g., location and/or attitude).

Operating system 126 (e.g., iOS, Android, Darwin, RTXC, LINUX, UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VxWorks) includes various software components and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control, power management, etc.) and facilitates communication between various hardware and software components.

Communication module 128 facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports 124 and also includes various software components for handling data received by RF circuitry 108 and/or external port 124. External port 124 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Internet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the external port is a multi-pin (e.g., 30-pin) connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the 30-pin connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. In some embodiments, the external port is a Lightning connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the Lightning connector used in some iPhone®, iPod Touch®, and iPad® devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif. In some embodiments, the external port is a USB Type-C connector that is the same as, or similar to and/or compatible with the USB Type-C connector used in some electronic devices from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.

Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects contact with touch-sensitive display system 112 (in conjunction with display controller 156) and other touch-sensitive devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). Contact/motion module 130 includes various software components for performing various operations related to detection of contact (e.g., by a finger or by a stylus), such as determining if contact has occurred (e.g., detecting a finger-down event), determining an intensity of the contact (e.g., the force or pressure of the contact or a substitute for the force or pressure of the contact), determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the movement across the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., detecting one or more finger-dragging events), and determining if the contact has ceased (e.g., detecting a finger-up event or a break in contact). Contact/motion module 130 receives contact data from the touch-sensitive surface. Determining movement of the point of contact, which is represented by a series of contact data, optionally includes determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These operations are, optionally, applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger contacts or stylus contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., “multitouch”/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, contact/motion module 130 and display controller 156 detect contact on a touchpad.

Contact/motion module 130 optionally detects a gesture input by a user. Different gestures on the touch-sensitive surface have different contact patterns (e.g., different motions, timings, and/or intensities of detected contacts). Thus, a gesture is, optionally, detected by detecting a particular contact pattern. For example, detecting a finger tap gesture includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event at the same position (or substantially the same position) as the finger-down event (e.g., at the position of an icon). As another example, detecting a finger swipe gesture on the touch-sensitive surface includes detecting a finger-down event followed by detecting one or more finger-dragging events, and subsequently followed by detecting a finger-up (lift off) event. Similarly, tap, swipe, drag, and other gestures are optionally detected for a stylus by detecting a particular contact pattern for the stylus.

In some embodiments, detecting a finger tap gesture depends on the length of time between detecting the finger-down event and the finger-up event, but is independent of the intensity of the finger contact between detecting the finger-down event and the finger-up event. In some embodiments, a tap gesture is detected in accordance with a determination that the length of time between the finger-down event and the finger-up event is less than a predetermined value (e.g., less than 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 seconds), independent of whether the intensity of the finger contact during the tap meets a given intensity threshold (greater than a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold), such as a light press or deep press intensity threshold. Thus, a finger tap gesture can satisfy particular input criteria that do not require that the characteristic intensity of a contact satisfy a given intensity threshold in order for the particular input criteria to be met. For clarity, the finger contact in a tap gesture typically needs to satisfy a nominal contact-detection intensity threshold, below which the contact is not detected, in order for the finger-down event to be detected. A similar analysis applies to detecting a tap gesture by a stylus or other contact. In cases where the device is capable of detecting a finger or stylus contact hovering over a touch sensitive surface, the nominal contact-detection intensity threshold optionally does not correspond to physical contact between the finger or stylus and the touch sensitive surface.

The same concepts apply in an analogous manner to other types of gestures. For example, a swipe gesture, a pinch gesture, a depinch gesture, and/or a long press gesture are optionally detected based on the satisfaction of criteria that are either independent of intensities of contacts included in the gesture, or do not require that contact(s) that perform the gesture reach intensity thresholds in order to be recognized. For example, a swipe gesture is detected based on an amount of movement of one or more contacts; a pinch gesture is detected based on movement of two or more contacts towards each other; a depinch gesture is detected based on movement of two or more contacts away from each other; and a long press gesture is detected based on a duration of the contact on the touch-sensitive surface with less than a threshold amount of movement. As such, the statement that particular gesture recognition criteria do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the particular gesture recognition criteria to be met means that the particular gesture recognition criteria are capable of being satisfied if the contact(s) in the gesture do not reach the respective intensity threshold, and are also capable of being satisfied in circumstances where one or more of the contacts in the gesture do reach or exceed the respective intensity threshold. In some embodiments, a tap gesture is detected based on a determination that the finger-down and finger-up event are detected within a predefined time period, without regard to whether the contact is above or below the respective intensity threshold during the predefined time period, and a swipe gesture is detected based on a determination that the contact movement is greater than a predefined magnitude, even if the contact is above the respective intensity threshold at the end of the contact movement. Even in implementations where detection of a gesture is influenced by the intensity of contacts performing the gesture (e.g., the device detects a long press more quickly when the intensity of the contact is above an intensity threshold or delays detection of a tap input when the intensity of the contact is higher), the detection of those gestures does not require that the contacts reach a particular intensity threshold so long as the criteria for recognizing the gesture can be met in circumstances where the contact does not reach the particular intensity threshold (e.g., even if the amount of time that it takes to recognize the gesture changes).

Contact intensity thresholds, duration thresholds, and movement thresholds are, in some circumstances, combined in a variety of different combinations in order to create heuristics for distinguishing two or more different gestures directed to the same input element or region so that multiple different interactions with the same input element are enabled to provide a richer set of user interactions and responses. The statement that a particular set of gesture recognition criteria do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the particular gesture recognition criteria to be met does not preclude the concurrent evaluation of other intensity-dependent gesture recognition criteria to identify other gestures that do have criteria that are met when a gesture includes a contact with an intensity above the respective intensity threshold. For example, in some circumstances, first gesture recognition criteria for a first gesture—which do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the first gesture recognition criteria to be met—are in competition with second gesture recognition criteria for a second gesture—which are dependent on the contact(s) reaching the respective intensity threshold. In such competitions, the gesture is, optionally, not recognized as meeting the first gesture recognition criteria for the first gesture if the second gesture recognition criteria for the second gesture are met first. For example, if a contact reaches the respective intensity threshold before the contact moves by a predefined amount of movement, a deep press gesture is detected rather than a swipe gesture. Conversely, if the contact moves by the predefined amount of movement before the contact reaches the respective intensity threshold, a swipe gesture is detected rather than a deep press gesture. Even in such circumstances, the first gesture recognition criteria for the first gesture still do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the first gesture recognition criteria to be met because if the contact stayed below the respective intensity threshold until an end of the gesture (e.g., a swipe gesture with a contact that does not increase to an intensity above the respective intensity threshold), the gesture would have been recognized by the first gesture recognition criteria as a swipe gesture. As such, particular gesture recognition criteria that do not require that the intensity of the contact(s) meet a respective intensity threshold in order for the particular gesture recognition criteria to be met will (A) in some circumstances ignore the intensity of the contact with respect to the intensity threshold (e.g. for a tap gesture) and/or (B) in some circumstances still be dependent on the intensity of the contact with respect to the intensity threshold in the sense that the particular gesture recognition criteria (e.g., for a long press gesture) will fail if a competing set of intensity-dependent gesture recognition criteria (e.g., for a deep press gesture) recognize an input as corresponding to an intensity-dependent gesture before the particular gesture recognition criteria recognize a gesture corresponding to the input (e.g., for a long press gesture that is competing with a deep press gesture for recognition).

Pose module 131, in conjunction with accelerometers 167, gyroscopes 168, and/or magnetometers 169, optionally detects pose information concerning the device, such as the device's pose (e.g., roll, pitch, yaw and/or position) in a particular frame of reference. Pose module 131 includes software components for performing various operations related to detecting the position of the device and detecting changes to the pose of the device.

Graphics module 132 includes various known software components for rendering and displaying graphics on touch-sensitive display system 112 or other display, including components for changing the visual impact (e.g., brightness, transparency, saturation, contrast or other visual property) of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the term “graphics” includes any object that can be displayed to a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons (such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital images, videos, animations and the like.

In some embodiments, graphics module 132 stores data representing graphics to be used. Each graphic is, optionally, assigned a corresponding code. Graphics module 132 receives, from applications etc., one or more codes specifying graphics to be displayed along with, if necessary, coordinate data and other graphic property data, and then generates screen image data to output to display controller 156.

Haptic feedback module 133 includes various software components for generating instructions (e.g., instructions used by haptic feedback controller 161) to produce tactile outputs using tactile output generator(s) 163 at one or more locations on device 100 in response to user interactions with device 100.

Text input module 134, which is, optionally, a component of graphics module 132, provides soft keyboards for entering text in various applications (e.g., contacts 137, e-mail 140, IM 141, browser 147, and any other application that needs text input).

GPS module 135 determines the location of the device and provides this information for use in various applications (e.g., to telephone 138 for use in location-based dialing, to camera 143 as picture/video metadata, and to applications that provide location-based services such as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/navigation widgets).

Virtual/augmented reality module 145 provides virtual and/or augmented reality logic to applications 136 that implement augmented reality, and in some embodiments virtual reality, features. Virtual/augmented reality module 145 facilitates superposition of virtual content, such as a virtual user interface object, on a representation of at least a portion of a field of view of the one or more cameras. For example, with assistance from the virtual/augmented reality module 145, the representation of at least a portion of a field of view of the one or more cameras may include a respective physical object and the virtual user interface object may be displayed at a location, in a displayed augmented reality environment, that is determined based on the respective physical object in the field of view of the one or more cameras or a virtual reality environment that is determined based on the pose of at least a portion of a computer system (e.g., a pose of a display device that is used to display the user interface to a user of the computer system).

Applications 136 optionally include the following modules (or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:

-   -   contacts module 137 (sometimes called an address book or contact         list);     -   telephone module 138;     -   video conferencing module 139;     -   e-mail client module 140;     -   instant messaging (IM) module 141;     -   workout support module 142;     -   camera module 143 for still and/or video images;     -   image management module 144;     -   browser module 147;     -   calendar module 148;     -   AR modules 149, which optionally include one or more of: AR join         module 149-1, AR share module 149-2, world map module 149-3,         current position module 149-4, origin module 149-5, and other         modules 149-6 used for AR environments (e.g., for displaying,         generating, adding and/or manipulating virtual objects); in some         embodiments, AR modules 149 are incorporated in         virtual/augmented reality module 145;     -   widget modules 150;     -   search module 151;     -   video and music player module 152, which is, optionally, made up         of a video player module and a music player module;     -   notes module 153;     -   map module 154; and/or     -   online video module 155.

Examples of other applications 136 that are, optionally, stored in memory 102 include other word processing applications, other image editing applications, drawing applications, presentation applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication.

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, contacts module 137 includes executable instructions to manage an address book or contact list (e.g., stored in application internal state 192 of contacts module 137 in memory 102 or memory 370), including: adding name(s) to the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book; associating telephone number(s), e-mail address(es), physical address(es) or other information with a name; associating an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers and/or e-mail addresses to initiate and/or facilitate communications by telephone 138, video conference 139, e-mail 140, or IM 141; and so forth.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, microphone 113, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, telephone module 138 includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in address book 137, modify a telephone number that has been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless communication optionally uses any of a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, microphone 113, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, optical sensor(s) 164, optical sensor controller 158, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, contact list 137, and telephone module 138, videoconferencing module 139 includes executable instructions to initiate, conduct, and terminate a video conference between a user and one or more other participants in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, e-mail client module 140 includes executable instructions to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail in response to user instructions. In conjunction with image management module 144, e-mail client module 140 makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with still or video images taken with camera module 143.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, the instant messaging module 141 includes executable instructions to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modify previously entered characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol for telephony-based instant messages or using XMPP, SIMPLE, Apple Push Notification Service (APNs) or IMPS for Internet-based instant messages), to receive instant messages, and to view received instant messages. In some embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages optionally include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS). As used herein, “instant messaging” refers to both telephony-based messages (e.g., messages sent using SMS or MMS) and Internet-based messages (e.g., messages sent using XMPP, SIMPLE, APNs, or IMPS).

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, GPS module 135, map module 154, and video and music player module 152, workout support module 142 includes executable instructions to create workouts (e.g., with time, distance, and/or calorie burning goals); communicate with workout sensors (in sports devices and smart watches); receive workout sensor data; calibrate sensors used to monitor a workout; select and play music for a workout; and display, store and transmit workout data.

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, optical sensor(s) 164, optical sensor controller 158, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and image management module 144, camera module 143 includes executable instructions to capture still images or video (including a video stream) and store them into memory 102, modify characteristics of a still image or video, and/or delete a still image or video from memory 102.

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and camera module 143, image management module 144 includes executable instructions to arrange, modify (e.g., edit), or otherwise manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show or album), and store still and/or video images.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, browser module 147 includes executable instructions to browse the Internet in accordance with user instructions, including searching, linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web pages.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147, calendar module 148 includes executable instructions to create, display, modify, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147, AR modules 149 include executable instructions for joining an augmented reality session, sharing an augmented reality (AR) environment with one or more other electronic devices of computer systems, maintaining a world map of an augmented reality environment, determining a current position of device 300 in an augmented reality environment, determine the origin of an augmented reality environment and the relative position of device 300 to that origin, and/or generating, displaying, adding and/or manipulating virtual objects in an augmented reality environment.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, and browser module 147, widget modules 150 are mini-applications that are, optionally, downloaded and used by a user. In some embodiments, a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file. In some embodiments, a widget includes an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo! Widgets). In some embodiments, widget modules 150 include a widget creator module that includes executable instructions to create widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page into a widget).

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, search module 151 includes executable instructions to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or other files in memory 102 that match one or more search criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, and browser module 147, video and music player module 152 includes executable instructions that allow the user to download and play back recorded music and other sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or AAC files, and executable instructions to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g., on touch-sensitive display system 112, or on an external display connected wirelessly or via external port 124). In some embodiments, device 100 optionally includes the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Inc.).

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input module 134, notes module 153 includes executable instructions to create and manage notes, to do lists, and the like in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input module 134, GPS module 135, and browser module 147, map module 154 includes executable instructions to receive, display, modify, and store maps and data associated with maps (e.g., driving directions; data on stores and other points of interest at or near a particular location; and other location-based data) in accordance with user instructions.

In conjunction with touch-sensitive display system 112, display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, text input module 134, e-mail client module 140, and browser module 147, online video module 155 includes executable instructions that allow the user to access, browse, receive (e.g., by streaming and/or download), play back (e.g., on the touch screen 112, or on an external display connected wirelessly or via external port 124), send an e-mail with a link to a particular online video, and otherwise manage online videos in one or more file formats, such as H.264. In some embodiments, instant messaging module 141, rather than e-mail client module 140, is used to send a link to a particular online video.

Each of the above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of executable instructions for performing one or more functions described above and the methods described in this application (e.g., the computer-implemented methods and other information processing methods described herein). These modules (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 102 optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory 102 optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above.

In some embodiments, device 100 is a device where operation of a predefined set of functions on the device is performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or a touchpad as the primary input control device for operation of device 100, the number of physical input control devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on device 100 is, optionally, reduced.

The predefined set of functions that are performed exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad optionally include navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments, the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates device 100 to a main, home, or root menu from any user interface that is displayed on device 100. In such embodiments, a “menu button” is implemented using a touch-sensitive surface. In some other embodiments, the menu button is a physical push button or other physical input control device instead of a touch-sensitive surface.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating example components for event handling in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 102 (in FIG. 1A) or 370 (FIG. 3A) includes event sorter 170 (e.g., in operating system 126) and a respective application 136-1 (e.g., any of the aforementioned applications 136, 137-155, 380-390).

Event sorter 170 receives event information and determines the application 136-1 and application view 191 of application 136-1 to which to deliver the event information. Event sorter 170 includes event monitor 171 and event dispatcher module 174. In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes application internal state 192, which indicates the current application view(s) displayed on touch-sensitive display system 112 when the application is active or executing. In some embodiments, device/global internal state 157 is used by event sorter 170 to determine which application(s) is (are) currently active, and application internal state 192 is used by event sorter 170 to determine application views 191 to which to deliver event information.

In some embodiments, application internal state 192 includes additional information, such as one or more of: resume information to be used when application 136-1 resumes execution, user interface state information that indicates information being displayed or that is ready for display by application 136-1, a state queue for enabling the user to go back to a prior state or view of application 136-1, and a redo/undo queue of previous actions taken by the user.

Event monitor 171 receives event information from peripherals interface 118. Event information includes information about a sub-event (e.g., a user touch on touch-sensitive display system 112, as part of a multi-touch gesture). Peripherals interface 118 transmits information it receives from I/O subsystem 106 or a sensor, such as proximity sensor 166, accelerometer(s) 167, and/or microphone 113 (through audio circuitry 110). Information that peripherals interface 118 receives from I/O subsystem 106 includes information from touch-sensitive display system 112 or a touch-sensitive surface.

In some embodiments, event monitor 171 sends requests to the peripherals interface 118 at predetermined intervals. In response, peripherals interface 118 transmits event information. In other embodiments, peripheral interface 118 transmits event information only when there is a significant event (e.g., receiving an input above a predetermined noise threshold and/or for more than a predetermined duration).

In some embodiments, event sorter 170 also includes a hit view determination module 172 and/or an active event recognizer determination module 173.

Hit view determination module 172 provides software procedures for determining where a sub-event has taken place within one or more views, when touch-sensitive display system 112 displays more than one view. Views are made up of controls and other elements that a user can see on the display.

Another aspect of the user interface associated with an application is a set of views, sometimes herein called application views or user interface windows, in which information is displayed and touch-based gestures occur. The application views (of a respective application) in which a touch is detected optionally correspond to programmatic levels within a programmatic or view hierarchy of the application. For example, the lowest level view in which a touch is detected is, optionally, called the hit view, and the set of events that are recognized as proper inputs are, optionally, determined based, at least in part, on the hit view of the initial touch that begins a touch-based gesture.

Hit view determination module 172 receives information related to sub-events of a touch-based gesture. When an application has multiple views organized in a hierarchy, hit view determination module 172 identifies a hit view as the lowest view in the hierarchy which should handle the sub-event. In most circumstances, the hit view is the lowest level view in which an initiating sub-event occurs (i.e., the first sub-event in the sequence of sub-events that form an event or potential event). Once the hit view is identified by the hit view determination module, the hit view typically receives all sub-events related to the same touch or input source for which it was identified as the hit view.

Active event recognizer determination module 173 determines which view or views within a view hierarchy should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In some embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 173 determines that only the hit view should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, active event recognizer determination module 173 determines that all views that include the physical location of a sub-event are actively involved views, and therefore determines that all actively involved views should receive a particular sequence of sub-events. In other embodiments, even if touch sub-events were entirely confined to the area associated with one particular view, views higher in the hierarchy would still remain as actively involved views.

Event dispatcher module 174 dispatches the event information to an event recognizer (e.g., event recognizer 180). In embodiments including active event recognizer determination module 173, event dispatcher module 174 delivers the event information to an event recognizer determined by active event recognizer determination module 173. In some embodiments, event dispatcher module 174 stores in an event queue the event information, which is retrieved by a respective event receiver module 182.

In some embodiments, operating system 126 includes event sorter 170. Alternatively, application 136-1 includes event sorter 170. In yet other embodiments, event sorter 170 is a stand-alone module, or a part of another module stored in memory 102, such as contact/motion module 130.

In some embodiments, application 136-1 includes a plurality of event handlers 190 and one or more application views 191, each of which includes instructions for handling touch events that occur within a respective view of the application's user interface. Each application view 191 of the application 136-1 includes one or more event recognizers 180. Typically, a respective application view 191 includes a plurality of event recognizers 180. In other embodiments, one or more of event recognizers 180 are part of a separate module, such as a user interface kit or a higher level object from which application 136-1 inherits methods and other properties. In some embodiments, a respective event handler 190 includes one or more of: data updater 176, object updater 177, GUI updater 178, and/or event data 179 received from event sorter 170. Event handler 190 optionally utilizes or calls data updater 176, object updater 177 or GUI updater 178 to update the application internal state 192. Alternatively, one or more of the application views 191 includes one or more respective event handlers 190. Also, in some embodiments, one or more of data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178 are included in a respective application view 191.

A respective event recognizer 180 receives event information (e.g., event data 179) from event sorter 170, and identifies an event from the event information. Event recognizer 180 includes event receiver 182 and event comparator 184. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 also includes at least a subset of: metadata 183, and event delivery instructions 188 (which optionally include sub-event delivery instructions).

Event receiver 182 receives event information from event sorter 170. The event information includes information about a sub-event, for example, a touch or a touch movement. Depending on the sub-event, the event information also includes additional information, such as location of the sub-event. When the sub-event concerns motion of a touch, the event information optionally also includes speed and direction of the sub-event. In some embodiments, events include rotation of the device from one orientation to another (e.g., from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, or vice versa), and the event information includes corresponding information about the current pose (e.g., position and orientation) of the device.

Event comparator 184 compares the event information to predefined event or sub-event definitions and, based on the comparison, determines an event or sub-event, or determines or updates the state of an event or sub-event. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 includes event definitions 186. Event definitions 186 contain definitions of events (e.g., predefined sequences of sub-events), for example, event 1 (187-1), event 2 (187-2), and others. In some embodiments, sub-events in an event 187 include, for example, touch begin, touch end, touch movement, touch cancellation, and multiple touching. In one example, the definition for event 1 (187-1) is a double tap on a displayed object. The double tap, for example, comprises a first touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a first lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase, a second touch (touch begin) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, and a second lift-off (touch end) for a predetermined phase. In another example, the definition for event 2 (187-2) is a dragging on a displayed object. The dragging, for example, comprises a touch (or contact) on the displayed object for a predetermined phase, a movement of the touch across touch-sensitive display system 112, and lift-off of the touch (touch end). In some embodiments, the event also includes information for one or more associated event handlers 190.

In some embodiments, event definition 187 includes a definition of an event for a respective user-interface object. In some embodiments, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which user-interface object is associated with a sub-event. For example, in an application view in which three user-interface objects are displayed on touch-sensitive display system 112, when a touch is detected on touch-sensitive display system 112, event comparator 184 performs a hit test to determine which of the three user-interface objects is associated with the touch (sub-event). If each displayed object is associated with a respective event handler 190, the event comparator uses the result of the hit test to determine which event handler 190 should be activated. For example, event comparator 184 selects an event handler associated with the sub-event and the object triggering the hit test.

In some embodiments, the definition for a respective event 187 also includes delayed actions that delay delivery of the event information until after it has been determined whether the sequence of sub-events does or does not correspond to the event recognizer's event type.

When a respective event recognizer 180 determines that the series of sub-events do not match any of the events in event definitions 186, the respective event recognizer 180 enters an event impossible, event failed, or event ended state, after which it disregards subsequent sub-events of the touch-based gesture. In this situation, other event recognizers, if any, that remain active for the hit view continue to track and process sub-events of an ongoing touch-based gesture.

In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 includes metadata 183 with configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how the event delivery system should perform sub-event delivery to actively involved event recognizers. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate how event recognizers interact, or are enabled to interact, with one another. In some embodiments, metadata 183 includes configurable properties, flags, and/or lists that indicate whether sub-events are delivered to varying levels in the view or programmatic hierarchy.

In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 activates event handler 190 associated with an event when one or more particular sub-events of an event are recognized. In some embodiments, a respective event recognizer 180 delivers event information associated with the event to event handler 190. Activating an event handler 190 is distinct from sending (and deferred sending) sub-events to a respective hit view. In some embodiments, event recognizer 180 throws a flag associated with the recognized event, and event handler 190 associated with the flag catches the flag and performs a predefined process.

In some embodiments, event delivery instructions 188 include sub-event delivery instructions that deliver event information about a sub-event without activating an event handler. Instead, the sub-event delivery instructions deliver event information to event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or to actively involved views. Event handlers associated with the series of sub-events or with actively involved views receive the event information and perform a predetermined process.

In some embodiments, data updater 176 creates and updates data used in application 136-1. For example, data updater 176 updates the telephone number used in contacts module 137, or stores a video file used in video and music player module 152. In some embodiments, object updater 177 creates and updates objects used in application 136-1. For example, object updater 177 creates a new user-interface object or updates the position of a user-interface object. GUI updater 178 updates the GUI. For example, GUI updater 178 prepares display information and sends it to graphics module 132 for display on a touch-sensitive display.

In some embodiments, event handler(s) 190 includes or has access to data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178. In some embodiments, data updater 176, object updater 177, and GUI updater 178 are included in a single module of a respective application 136-1 or application view 191. In other embodiments, they are included in two or more software modules.

It shall be understood that the foregoing discussion regarding event handling of user touches on touch-sensitive displays also applies to other forms of user inputs to operate multifunction devices 100 with input-devices, not all of which are initiated on touch screens. For example, mouse movement and mouse button presses, optionally coordinated with single or multiple keyboard presses or holds; contact movements such as taps, drags, scrolls, etc., on touch-pads; pen stylus inputs; inputs based on real-time analysis of video images obtained by one or more cameras; movement of the device; oral instructions; detected eye movements; biometric inputs; and/or any combination thereof are optionally utilized as inputs corresponding to sub-events which define an event to be recognized.

FIG. 1C is a block diagram illustrating a tactile output module in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, I/O subsystem 106 (e.g., haptic feedback controller 161 (FIG. 1A) and/or other input controller(s) 160 (FIG. 1A)) includes at least some of the example components shown in FIG. 1C. In some embodiments, peripherals interface 118 includes at least some of the example components shown in FIG. 1C.

In some embodiments, the tactile output module includes haptic feedback module 133. In some embodiments, haptic feedback module 133 aggregates and combines tactile outputs for user interface feedback from software applications on the electronic device (e.g., feedback that is responsive to user inputs that correspond to displayed user interfaces and alerts and other notifications that indicate the performance of operations or occurrence of events in user interfaces of the electronic device). Haptic feedback module 133 includes one or more of: waveform module 123 (for providing waveforms used for generating tactile outputs), mixer 125 (for mixing waveforms, such as waveforms in different channels), compressor 127 (for reducing or compressing a dynamic range of the waveforms), low-pass filter 129 (for filtering out high frequency signal components in the waveforms), and thermal controller 181 (for adjusting the waveforms in accordance with thermal conditions). In some embodiments, haptic feedback module 133 is included in haptic feedback controller 161 (FIG. 1A). In some embodiments, a separate unit of haptic feedback module 133 (or a separate implementation of haptic feedback module 133) is also included in an audio controller (e.g., audio circuitry 110, FIG. 1A) and used for generating audio signals. In some embodiments, a single haptic feedback module 133 is used for generating audio signals and generating waveforms for tactile outputs.

In some embodiments, haptic feedback module 133 also includes trigger module 121 (e.g., a software application, operating system, or other software module that determines a tactile output is to be generated and initiates the process for generating the corresponding tactile output). In some embodiments, trigger module 121 generates trigger signals for initiating generation of waveforms (e.g., by waveform module 123). For example, trigger module 121 generates trigger signals based on preset timing criteria. In some embodiments, trigger module 121 receives trigger signals from outside haptic feedback module 133 (e.g., in some embodiments, haptic feedback module 133 receives trigger signals from hardware input processing module 146 located outside haptic feedback module 133) and relays the trigger signals to other components within haptic feedback module 133 (e.g., waveform module 123) or software applications that trigger operations (e.g., with trigger module 121) based on activation of a user interface element (e.g., an application icon or an affordance within an application) or a hardware input device (e.g., a home button or an intensity-sensitive input surface, such as an intensity-sensitive touch screen). In some embodiments, trigger module 121 also receives tactile feedback generation instructions (e.g., from haptic feedback module 133, FIGS. 1A and 3). In some embodiments, trigger module 121 generates trigger signals in response to haptic feedback module 133 (or trigger module 121 in haptic feedback module 133) receiving tactile feedback instructions (e.g., from haptic feedback module 133, FIGS. 1A and 3).

Waveform module 123 receives trigger signals (e.g., from trigger module 121) as an input, and in response to receiving trigger signals, provides waveforms for generation of one or more tactile outputs (e.g., waveforms selected from a predefined set of waveforms designated for use by waveform module 123).

Mixer 125 receives waveforms (e.g., from waveform module 123) as an input, and mixes together the waveforms. For example, when mixer 125 receives two or more waveforms (e.g., a first waveform in a first channel and a second waveform that at least partially overlaps with the first waveform in a second channel) mixer 125 outputs a combined waveform that corresponds to a sum of the two or more waveforms. In some embodiments, mixer 125 also modifies one or more waveforms of the two or more waveforms to emphasize particular waveform(s) over the rest of the two or more waveforms (e.g., by increasing a scale of the particular waveform(s) and/or decreasing a scale of the rest of the waveforms). In some circumstances, mixer 125 selects one or more waveforms to remove from the combined waveform (e.g., the waveform from the oldest source is dropped when there are waveforms from more than three sources that have been requested to be output concurrently by tactile output generator 163).

Compressor 127 receives waveforms (e.g., a combined waveform from mixer 125) as an input, and modifies the waveforms. In some embodiments, compressor 127 reduces the waveforms (e.g., in accordance with physical specifications of tactile output generators 163 (FIG. 1A) or 357 (FIG. 3A)) so that tactile outputs corresponding to the waveforms are reduced. In some embodiments, compressor 127 limits the waveforms, such as by enforcing a predefined maximum amplitude for the waveforms. For example, compressor 127 reduces amplitudes of portions of waveforms that exceed a predefined amplitude threshold while maintaining amplitudes of portions of waveforms that do not exceed the predefined amplitude threshold. In some embodiments, compressor 127 reduces a dynamic range of the waveforms. In some embodiments, compressor 127 dynamically reduces the dynamic range of the waveforms so that the combined waveforms remain within performance specifications of the tactile output generator 163 (e.g., force and/or moveable mass displacement limits).

Low-pass filter 129 receives waveforms (e.g., compressed waveforms from compressor 127) as an input, and filters (e.g., smooths) the waveforms (e.g., removes or reduces high frequency signal components in the waveforms). For example, in some instances, compressor 127 includes, in compressed waveforms, extraneous signals (e.g., high frequency signal components) that interfere with the generation of tactile outputs and/or exceed performance specifications of tactile output generator 163 when the tactile outputs are generated in accordance with the compressed waveforms. Low-pass filter 129 reduces or removes such extraneous signals in the waveforms.

Thermal controller 181 receives waveforms (e.g., filtered waveforms from low-pass filter 129) as an input, and adjusts the waveforms in accordance with thermal conditions of device 100 (e.g., based on internal temperatures detected within device 100, such as the temperature of haptic feedback controller 161, and/or external temperatures detected by device 100). For example, in some cases, the output of haptic feedback controller 161 varies depending on the temperature (e.g. haptic feedback controller 161, in response to receiving same waveforms, generates a first tactile output when haptic feedback controller 161 is at a first temperature and generates a second tactile output when haptic feedback controller 161 is at a second temperature that is distinct from the first temperature). For example, the magnitude (or the amplitude) of the tactile outputs may vary depending on the temperature. To reduce the effect of the temperature variations, the waveforms are modified (e.g., an amplitude of the waveforms is increased or decreased based on the temperature).

In some embodiments, haptic feedback module 133 (e.g., trigger module 121) is coupled to hardware input processing module 146. In some embodiments, other input controller(s) 160 in FIG. 1A includes hardware input processing module 146. In some embodiments, hardware input processing module 146 receives inputs from hardware input device 175 (e.g., other input or control devices 116 in FIG. 1A, such as a home button or an intensity-sensitive input surface, such as an intensity-sensitive touch screen). In some embodiments, hardware input device 175 is any input device described herein, such as touch-sensitive display system 112 (FIG. 1A), keyboard/mouse 350 (FIG. 3A), touchpad 355 (FIG. 3A), one of other input or control devices 116 (FIG. 1A), or an intensity-sensitive home button. In some embodiments, hardware input device 175 consists of an intensity-sensitive home button, and not touch-sensitive display system 112 (FIG. 1A), keyboard/mouse 350 (FIG. 3A), or touchpad 355 (FIG. 3A). In some embodiments, in response to inputs from hardware input device 175 (e.g., an intensity-sensitive home button or a touch screen), hardware input processing module 146 provides one or more trigger signals to haptic feedback module 133 to indicate that a user input satisfying predefined input criteria, such as an input corresponding to a “click” of a home button (e.g., a “down click” or an “up click”), has been detected. In some embodiments, haptic feedback module 133 provides waveforms that correspond to the “click” of a home button in response to the input corresponding to the “click” of a home button, simulating a haptic feedback of pressing a physical home button.

In some embodiments, the tactile output module includes haptic feedback controller 161 (e.g., haptic feedback controller 161 in FIG. 1A), which controls the generation of tactile outputs. In some embodiments, haptic feedback controller 161 is coupled to a plurality of tactile output generators, and selects one or more tactile output generators of the plurality of tactile output generators and sends waveforms to the selected one or more tactile output generators for generating tactile outputs. In some embodiments, haptic feedback controller 161 coordinates tactile output requests that correspond to activation of hardware input device 175 and tactile output requests that correspond to software events (e.g., tactile output requests from haptic feedback module 133) and modifies one or more waveforms of the two or more waveforms to emphasize particular waveform(s) over the rest of the two or more waveforms (e.g., by increasing a scale of the particular waveform(s) and/or decreasing a scale of the rest of the waveforms, such as to prioritize tactile outputs that correspond to activations of hardware input device 175 over tactile outputs that correspond to software events).

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1C, an output of haptic feedback controller 161 is coupled to audio circuitry of device 100 (e.g., audio circuitry 110, FIG. 1A), and provides audio signals to audio circuitry of device 100. In some embodiments, haptic feedback controller 161 provides both waveforms used for generating tactile outputs and audio signals used for providing audio outputs in conjunction with generation of the tactile outputs. In some embodiments, haptic feedback controller 161 modifies audio signals and/or waveforms (used for generating tactile outputs) so that the audio outputs and the tactile outputs are synchronized (e.g., by delaying the audio signals and/or waveforms). In some embodiments, haptic feedback controller 161 includes a digital-to-analog converter used for converting digital waveforms into analog signals, which are received by amplifier 185 and/or tactile output generator 163.

In some embodiments, the tactile output module includes amplifier 185. In some embodiments, amplifier 185 receives waveforms (e.g., from haptic feedback controller 161) and amplifies the waveforms prior to sending the amplified waveforms to tactile output generator 163 (e.g., any of tactile output generators 163 (FIG. 1A) or 357 (FIG. 3A)). For example, amplifier 185 amplifies the received waveforms to signal levels that are in accordance with physical specifications of tactile output generator 163 (e.g., to a voltage and/or a current required by tactile output generator 163 for generating tactile outputs so that the signals sent to tactile output generator 163 produce tactile outputs that correspond to the waveforms received from haptic feedback controller 161) and sends the amplified waveforms to tactile output generator 163. In response, tactile output generator 163 generates tactile outputs (e.g., by shifting a moveable mass back and forth in one or more dimensions relative to a neutral position of the moveable mass).

In some embodiments, the tactile output module includes sensor 189, which is coupled to tactile output generator 163. Sensor 189 detects states or state changes (e.g., mechanical position, physical displacement, and/or movement) of tactile output generator 163 or one or more components of tactile output generator 163 (e.g., one or more moving parts, such as a membrane, used to generate tactile outputs). In some embodiments, sensor 189 is a magnetic field sensor (e.g., a Hall effect sensor) or other displacement and/or movement sensor. In some embodiments, sensor 189 provides information (e.g., a position, a displacement, and/or a movement of one or more parts in tactile output generator 163) to haptic feedback controller 161 and, in accordance with the information provided by sensor 189 about the state of tactile output generator 163, haptic feedback controller 161 adjusts the waveforms output from haptic feedback controller 161 (e.g., waveforms sent to tactile output generator 163, optionally via amplifier 185).

FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device 100 having a touch screen (e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112, FIG. 1A) in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen optionally displays one or more graphics within user interface (UI) 200. In these embodiments, as well as others described below, a user is enabled to select one or more of the graphics by making a gesture on the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers 202 (not drawn to scale in the figure) or one or more styluses 203 (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments, selection of one or more graphics occurs when the user breaks contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments, the gesture optionally includes one or more taps, one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made contact with device 100. In some implementations or circumstances, inadvertent contact with a graphic does not select the graphic. For example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon optionally does not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap.

Device 100 optionally also includes one or more physical buttons, such as “home” or menu button 204. As described previously, menu button 204 is, optionally, used to navigate to any application 136 in a set of applications that are, optionally executed on device 100. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GUI displayed on the touch-screen display.

In some embodiments, device 100 includes the touch-screen display, menu button 204 (sometimes called home button 204), push button 206 for powering the device on/off and locking the device, volume adjustment button(s) 208, Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot 210, head set jack 212, and docking/charging external port 124. Push button 206 is, optionally, used to turn the power on/off on the device by depressing the button and holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and releasing the button before the predefined time interval has elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock process. In some embodiments, device 100 also accepts verbal input for activation or deactivation of some functions through microphone 113. Device 100 also, optionally, includes one or more contact intensity sensors 165 for detecting intensities of contacts on touch-sensitive display system 112 and/or one or more tactile output generators 163 for generating tactile outputs for a user of device 100.

FIG. 3A is a block diagram of an example multifunction device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface in accordance with some embodiments. Device 300 need not be portable. In some embodiments, device 300 is a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a multimedia player device, a navigation device, an educational device (such as a child's learning toy), a gaming system, or a control device (e.g., a home or industrial controller). Device 300 typically includes one or more processing units (CPU's) 310, one or more network or other communications interfaces 360, memory 370, and one or more communication buses 320 for interconnecting these components. Communication buses 320 optionally include circuitry (sometimes called a chipset) that interconnects and controls communications between system components. Device 300 includes input/output (I/O) interface 330 comprising display 340, which is optionally a touch-screen display. I/O interface 330 also optionally includes a keyboard and/or mouse (or other pointing device) 350 and touchpad 355, tactile output generator 357 for generating tactile outputs on device 300 (e.g., similar to tactile output generator(s) 163 described above with reference to FIG. 1A), sensors 359 (e.g., optical, acceleration, proximity, touch-sensitive, and/or contact intensity sensors similar to contact intensity sensor(s) 165 described above with reference to FIG. 1A). Memory 370 includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices; and optionally includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory 370 optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from CPU(s) 310. In some embodiments, memory 370 stores programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100 (FIG. 1A), or a subset thereof. Furthermore, memory 370 optionally stores additional programs, modules, and data structures not present in memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100. For example, memory 370 of device 300 optionally stores drawing module 380, presentation module 382, word processing module 384, website creation module 386, disk authoring module 388, and/or spreadsheet module 390, while memory 102 of portable multifunction device 100 (FIG. 1A) optionally does not store these modules.

Each of the above identified elements in FIG. 3A are, optionally, stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory devices. Each of the above identified modules corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described above. The above identified modules or programs (e.g., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules are, optionally, combined or otherwise re-arranged in various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 370 optionally stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory 370 optionally stores additional modules and data structures not described above.

FIGS. 3B-3C are block diagrams of example computer systems 301 in accordance with some embodiments.

In some embodiments, computer system 301 includes and/or is in communication with:

-   -   input device(s) (302 and/or 307, e.g., a touch-sensitive         surface, such as a touch-sensitive remote control, or a         touch-screen display that also serves as the display generation         component, a mouse, a joystick, a wand controller, and/or         cameras tracking the position of one or more features of the         user such as the user's hands);     -   virtual/augmented reality logic 303 (e.g., virtual/augmented         reality module 145);     -   display generation component(s) (304 and/or 308, e.g., a         display, a projector, a head-mounted display, a heads-up         display, or the like) for displaying virtual user interface         elements to the user;     -   camera(s) (e.g., 305 and/or 311) for capturing images of a field         of view of the device, e.g., images that are used to determine         placement of virtual user interface elements, determine a pose         of the device, and/or display a portion of the physical         environment in which the camera(s) are located; and     -   pose sensor(s) (e.g., 306 and/or 311) for determining a pose of         the device relative to the physical environment and/or changes         in pose of the device.

In some computer systems (e.g., 301-a in FIG. 3B), input device(s) 302, virtual/augmented reality logic 303, display generation component(s) 304, camera(s) 305; and pose sensor(s) 306 are all integrated into the computer system (e.g., portable multifunction device 100 in FIGS. 1A-1B or device 300 in FIG. 3A such as a smartphone or tablet).

In some computer systems (e.g., 301-b), in addition to integrated input device(s) 302, virtual/augmented reality logic 303, display generation component(s) 304, camera(s) 305; and pose sensor(s) 306, the computer system is also in communication with additional devices that are separate from the computer system, such as separate input device(s) 307 such as a touch-sensitive surface, a wand, a remote control, or the like and/or separate display generation component(s) 308 such as virtual reality headset or augmented reality glasses that overlay virtual objects on a physical environment.

In some computer systems (e.g., 301-c in FIG. 3C), the input device(s) 307, display generation component(s) 309, camera(s) 311; and/or pose sensor(s) 312 are separate from the computer system and are in communication with the computer system. In some embodiments, other combinations of components in computer system 301 and in communication with the computer system are used. For example, in some embodiments, display generation component(s) 309, camera(s) 311, and pose sensor(s) 312 are incorporated in a headset that is either integrated with or in communication with the computer system.

In some embodiments, all of the operations described below with reference to FIGS. 5A-5L are performed on a single computing device with virtual/augmented reality logic 303 (e.g., computer system 301-a described below with reference to FIG. 3B). However, it should be understood that frequently multiple different computing devices are linked together to perform the operations described below with reference to FIGS. 5A-5L (e.g., a computing device with virtual/augmented reality logic 303 communicates with a separate computing device with a display 450 and/or a separate computing device with a touch-sensitive surface 451). In any of these embodiments, the computing device that is described below with reference to FIGS. 5A-5L is the computing device (or devices) that contain(s) the virtual/augmented reality logic 303. Additionally, it should be understood that the virtual/augmented reality logic 303 could be divided between a plurality of distinct modules or computing devices in various embodiments; however, for the purposes of the description herein, the virtual/augmented reality logic 303 will be primarily referred to as residing in a single computing device so as not to unnecessarily obscure other aspects of the embodiments.

In some embodiments, the virtual/augmented reality logic 303 includes one or more modules (e.g., one or more event handlers 190, including one or more object updaters 177 and one or more GUI updaters 178 as described in greater detail above with reference to FIG. 1B) that receive interpreted inputs and, in response to these interpreted inputs, generate instructions for updating a graphical user interface in accordance with the interpreted inputs which are subsequently used to update the graphical user interface on a display. In some embodiments, an interpreted input for an input that has been detected (e.g., by a contact motion module 130 in FIGS. 1A and 3), recognized (e.g., by an event recognizer 180 in FIG. 1B) and/or distributed (e.g., by event sorter 170 in FIG. 1B) is used to update the graphical user interface on a display. In some embodiments, the interpreted inputs are generated by modules at the computing device (e.g., the computing device receives raw contact input data so as to identify gestures from the raw contact input data). In some embodiments, some or all of the interpreted inputs are received by the computing device as interpreted inputs (e.g., a computing device that includes the touch-sensitive surface 451 processes raw contact input data so as to identify gestures from the raw contact input data and sends information indicative of the gestures to the computing device that includes the virtual/augmented reality logic 303).

In some embodiments, both a display and a touch-sensitive surface are integrated with the computer system (e.g., 301-a in FIG. 3B) that contains the virtual/augmented reality logic 303. For example, the computer system may be a desktop computer or laptop computer with an integrated display (e.g., 340 in FIG. 3A) and touchpad (e.g., 355 in FIG. 3A). As another example, the computing device may be a portable multifunction device 100 (e.g., a smartphone, PDA, tablet computer, etc.) with a touch screen (e.g., 112 in FIG. 2).

In some embodiments, a touch-sensitive surface is integrated with the computer system while a display is not integrated with the computer system that contains the virtual/augmented reality logic 303. For example, the computer system may be a device 300 (e.g., a desktop computer or laptop computer) with an integrated touchpad (e.g., 355 in FIG. 3A) connected (via wired or wireless connection) to a separate display (e.g., a computer monitor, television, etc.). As another example, the computer system may be a portable multifunction device 100 (e.g., a smartphone, PDA, tablet computer, etc.) with a touch screen (e.g., 112 in FIG. 2) connected (via wired or wireless connection) to a separate display (e.g., a computer monitor, television, etc.).

In some embodiments, a display is integrated with the computer system while a touch-sensitive surface is not integrated with the computer system that contains the virtual/augmented reality logic 303. For example, the computer system may be a device 300 (e.g., a desktop computer, laptop computer, television with integrated set-top box) with an integrated display (e.g., 340 in FIG. 3A) connected (via wired or wireless connection) to a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a remote touchpad, a portable multifunction device, etc.). As another example, the computer system may be a portable multifunction device 100 (e.g., a smartphone, PDA, tablet computer, etc.) with a touch screen (e.g., 112 in FIG. 2) connected (via wired or wireless connection) to a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a remote touchpad, another portable multifunction device with a touch screen serving as a remote touchpad, etc.).

In some embodiments, neither a display nor a touch-sensitive surface is integrated with the computer system (e.g., 301-c in FIG. 3C) that contains the virtual/augmented reality logic 303. For example, the computer system may be a stand-alone computing device 300 (e.g., a set-top box, gaming console, etc.) connected (via wired or wireless connection) to a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a remote touchpad, a portable multifunction device, etc.) and a separate display (e.g., a computer monitor, television, etc.).

In some embodiments, the computer system has an integrated audio system (e.g., audio circuitry 110 and speaker 111 in portable multifunction device 100). In some embodiments, the computing device is in communication with an audio system that is separate from the computing device. In some embodiments, the audio system (e.g., an audio system integrated in a television unit) is integrated with a separate display. In some embodiments, the audio system (e.g., a stereo system) is a stand-alone system that is separate from the computer system and the display.

Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) that are, optionally, implemented on portable multifunction device 100.

FIG. 4A illustrates an example user interface for a menu of applications on portable multifunction device 100 in accordance with some embodiments. Similar user interfaces are, optionally, implemented on device 300. In some embodiments, user interface 400 includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:

-   -   Signal strength indicator(s) for wireless communication(s), such         as cellular and Wi-Fi signals;     -   Time;     -   a Bluetooth indicator;     -   a Battery status indicator;     -   Tray 408 with icons for frequently used applications, such as:         -   Icon 416 for telephone module 138, labeled “Phone,” which             optionally includes an indicator 414 of the number of missed             calls or voicemail messages;         -   Icon 418 for e-mail client module 140, labeled “Mail,” which             optionally includes an indicator 410 of the number of unread             e-mails;         -   Icon 420 for browser module 147, labeled “Browser”; and         -   Icon 422 for video and music player module 152, labeled             “Music”; and     -   Icons for other applications, such as:         -   Icon 424 for IM module 141, labeled “Messages”;         -   Icon 426 for calendar module 148, labeled “Calendar”;         -   Icon 428 for image management module 144, labeled “Photos”;         -   Icon 430 for camera module 143, labeled “Camera”;         -   Icon 432 for online video module 155, labeled “Online             Video”;         -   Icon 434 for a stocks widget;         -   Icon 436 for map module 154, labeled “Maps”;         -   Icon 438 for a weather widget;         -   Icon 440 for an alarm clock widget;         -   Icon 442 for workout support module 142, labeled “Workout             Support”;         -   Icon 444 for notes module 153, labeled “Notes”; and         -   Icon 446 for a settings application or module, labeled             “Settings,” which provides access to settings for device 100             and its various applications 136.

It should be noted that the icon labels illustrated in FIG. 4A are merely examples. For example, other labels are, optionally, used for various application icons. In some embodiments, a label for a respective application icon includes a name of an application corresponding to the respective application icon. In some embodiments, a label for a particular application icon is distinct from a name of an application corresponding to the particular application icon.

FIG. 4B illustrates an example user interface on a device (e.g., device 300, FIG. 3A) with a touch-sensitive surface 451 (e.g., a tablet or touchpad 355, FIG. 3A) that is separate from the display 450. Although many of the examples that follow will be given with reference to inputs on touch screen display 112 (where the touch sensitive surface and the display are combined), in some embodiments, the device detects inputs on a touch-sensitive surface that is separate from the display, as shown in FIG. 4B. In some embodiments, the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., 451 in FIG. 4B) has a primary axis (e.g., 452 in FIG. 4B) that corresponds to a primary axis (e.g., 453 in FIG. 4B) on the display (e.g., 450). In accordance with these embodiments, the device detects contacts (e.g., 460 and 462 in FIG. 4B) with the touch-sensitive surface 451 at locations that correspond to respective locations on the display (e.g., in FIG. 4B, 460 corresponds to 468 and 462 corresponds to 470). In this way, user inputs (e.g., contacts 460 and 462, and movements thereof) detected by the device on the touch-sensitive surface (e.g., 451 in FIG. 4B) are used by the device to manipulate the user interface on the display (e.g., 450 in FIG. 4B) of the multifunction device when the touch-sensitive surface is separate from the display. It should be understood that similar methods are, optionally, used for other user interfaces described herein.

Additionally, while the following examples are given primarily with reference to finger inputs (e.g., finger contacts, finger tap gestures, finger swipe gestures, etc.), it should be understood that, in some embodiments, one or more of the finger inputs are replaced with input from another input device (e.g., a mouse based input or a stylus input). For example, a swipe gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click (e.g., instead of a contact) followed by movement of the cursor along the path of the swipe (e.g., instead of movement of the contact). As another example, a tap gesture is, optionally, replaced with a mouse click while the cursor is located over the location of the tap gesture (e.g., instead of detection of the contact followed by ceasing to detect the contact). Similarly, when multiple user inputs are simultaneously detected, it should be understood that multiple computer mice are, optionally, used simultaneously, or a mouse and finger contacts are, optionally, used simultaneously.

User Interfaces and Associated Processes

Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user interfaces (“UI”) and associated processes that may be implemented on a computer system (e.g., portable multifunction device 100, device 300, or device 5000) that includes (and/or is in communication with) a display generation component (e.g., a display, a projector, a head-mounted display, a heads-up display, or the like), one or more cameras (e.g., video cameras that continuously provide a live preview of at least a portion of the contents that are within the field of view of the cameras and optionally generate video outputs including one or more streams of image frames capturing the contents within the field of view of the cameras), and one or more input devices (e.g., a touch-sensitive surface, such as a touch-sensitive remote control, or a touch-screen display that also serves as the display generation component, a mouse, a joystick, a wand controller, and/or cameras tracking the position of one or more features of the user such as the user's hands), optionally one or more pose sensors, optionally one or more sensors to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more tactile output generators.

FIGS. 5A-5L illustrate example user interfaces for sharing augmented reality environments between electronic devices in accordance with some embodiments. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including the processes illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6B. For convenience of explanation, some of the embodiments will be discussed with reference to operations performed on a device with a touch-sensitive display system (e.g., touch-sensitive display system 112, FIG. 1A). In such embodiments, a focus selector is, optionally: a respective finger or stylus contact, a representative point corresponding to a finger or stylus contact (e.g., a centroid of a respective contact or a point associated with a respective contact), or a centroid of two or more contacts detected on the touch-sensitive display system. However, analogous operations are, optionally, performed on a device with a display (e.g., display 450, FIG. 5B) and a separate touch-sensitive surface (e.g., surface 451, as shown in FIG. 4B) in response to detecting the contacts on the touch-sensitive surface while displaying the user interfaces shown in the figures on the display, along with a focus selector.

FIG. 5A illustrates a physical environment 5018 in which device 100 is operated. Table 5020 is a physical object located in physical environment 5018. The display of device 100 shows virtual object 5002 placed on an upper surface of table 5020 in a view of physical environment 5018, as captured by one or more cameras of device 100. Virtual object 5002 (e.g., a virtual box) is displayed in a user interface on device 100 that includes at least a portion of a field of view of one or more cameras of device 100 (e.g., an augmented reality view).

FIG. 5B illustrates physical environment 5018 in which device 100 and another device 5000 are operated. In some embodiments, device 5000 is an instance of the electronic device or computer system shown in FIG. 1A or FIG. 3A. The display of device 5000 shows a view of physical environment 5018 as captured by one or more cameras of device 5000, including table 5020. The display of device 100 shows virtual object 5002 placed on an upper surface of table 5020 in an augmented reality view of physical environment 5018, which includes a view of the physical environment as captured by one or more cameras of device 100. The physical environment 5018 as supplemented by virtual object 5002, and optionally additional virtual objects, is sometimes called an augmented reality (AR) environment. The AR environment of device 100 is generated, at least in part, by device 100, typically by execution of an application that includes augmented reality modules (e.g., AR modules 149, FIG. 1A) for generating, adding and/or manipulating virtual objects 5002 in an environment that includes physical features, typically physical features in the field of view of the device's one or more cameras. The augmented reality view of physical environment 5018 that is displayed by device 100 is sometimes called a view of the AR environment. In this way, device 100 and device 5000 are operated in a same physical environment 5018 and have cameras that capture similar portions (e.g., overlapping, but not identical portions) of physical environment 5018, but while device 100 displays an augmented reality view of physical environment 5018 (e.g., which includes virtual object 5002), device 5000 does not display an augmented reality view of physical environment 5018.

In FIG. 5C, user interface 5022 is displayed on device 100. User interface 5022 provides an option to share the augmented reality environment (AR environment) of device 100 with another electronic device (e.g., device 5000). For example, button 5030 provides the instructions, “Tap to invite another user to your world” (e.g., the “world” referring to the AR environment running on device 100). The user of device 100 optionally selects, via user input 5024, button 5030 to initiate the AR environment sharing process. In some implementations, in response to selection of button 5030, device 100 replaces display of user interface 5022 with sharing user interface 5025, shown in FIG. 5D.

FIG. 5D illustrates sharing user interface 5025. Sharing user interface 5025 includes join code 5032. For example, join code 5032-1 is a QR code or other machine-readable code. Optionally, at least a portion of the augmented reality view of the physical environment 5018 is concurrently displayed with join code 5032 in sharing user interface 5025 (e.g., the augmented reality view continues to be displayed, except for those portions obscured by join code 5032). In some embodiments, join code 5032 includes information related to the AR environment of device 100. For example, the information in join code 5032 includes positional information of the current physical position of device 100 relative to a point of origin of the AR environment. For purposes of illustration, the QR code illustrated in FIG. 5D is tagged to “Gary's AR World (−10.8, 1.2, 3.4, 0.1, 0.2, 0.1)” where “Gary's AR World” is a name of the AR environment of device 100, the first three parameters in the parentheses represent a position of device 100 relative to the origin of the AR environment, and the last three parameters in the parentheses represent an orientation of device 100 relative to the AR environment of device 100.

FIG. 5E illustrates an updated sharing user interface 5025 in accordance with device 100 changing position in the physical environment. For example, table 5020 and virtual object 5002 have shifted (to the left) in the augmented reality view illustrated in FIG. 5E, relative to FIG. 5D, e.g., because the position of device 100 has changed. As device 100 moves its position in the physical environment, the augmented reality view shown on device 100 is updated to show the current portion of the field of view of one or more cameras of device 100. In this way, as the device 100 moves its position in the physical environment, the AR view displayed in sharing user interface 5025 changes in accordance with the new position (and orientation) of device 100. In accordance with device 100 changing position in the physical environment, join code 5032-1 (FIG. 5D) is updated to join code 5032-2 (FIG. 5E). For example, the join code is updated (e.g., modified) to encode updated positional information based on the new location (and/or orientation) of device 100. For illustrative purposes, the QR code illustrated in FIG. 5E is tagged to “Gary's AR World (−10.8, 1.5, 3.6, 23, 0.2, 0.6)”, in accordance with the physical change in position (and orientation) of device 100.

FIG. 5F illustrates device 100 displaying sharing user interface 5025 (with join code 5032-2) and device 5000 displaying user interface 5026. User interface 5026 includes an option to join an AR environment. In some embodiments, device 5000 displays the option to join an AR environment in response to receiving a signal that a nearby device has initiated sharing an AR environment (e.g., a signal from device 100). In some embodiments, device 5000 displays the option to join an AR environment in response to a user input at device 5000. For example, a user selects an option (e.g., from a menu) to join an existing AR environment.

FIG. 5G illustrates user interface 5026 displayed on device 5000. As explained above, user interface 5026 includes an option to join an AR environment, for example, by selecting button 5034, “Tap to scan into another world”, which, if selected by the user, will display a joining user interface on device 5000, illustrated in FIG. 5H. Device 5000 receives user input 5035 (e.g., a tap input) on button 5034. In some embodiments, device 5000 is a computer system such as a headset, and the user input on button 5034 comprises detecting a gaze input on button 5034.

FIG. 5H illustrates joining user interface 5036. Joining user interface 5036 displays a field of view of one or more cameras of device 5000. In FIG. 5H, device 5000 is positioned to view, via one or more cameras of device 5000, device 100 (e.g., which is shown in the hands of a user of device 100). Device 100 displays join code 5032-2, which, as explained above, includes positional information of device 100 relative to the AR environment running on device 100. In this way, device 5000 reads (e.g., scans) join code 5032-2 that is displayed on device 100. Device 5000 infers its relative position to device 100 based in part on the scannable portions (e.g., join code 5032-2) of device 100. For example, device 5000 calculates a distance between its one or more cameras and device 100 based on a scanned size of join code 5032-2 (e.g., where device 5000 knows the true size of the join code). Device 5000 also processes the positional information encoded in join code 5032-2, such that device 5000 is aware of the physical position of device 100 relative to a point of origin for the AR environment.

FIG. 5I illustrates a confirmation user interface 5040. In some embodiments, after reading join code 5032-2, device 5000 provides notification 5037, which includes one or more selectable options for the user to confirm that device 5000 will join (e.g., import) the AR environment of device 100 (e.g., based on the position information retrieved from join code 5032-2). In the example shown in FIG. 5I, device 5000 receives user input 5038 on the option “Yes,” indicating that device 5000 will join the AR environment of device 100. In some embodiments, device 5000 forgoes displaying user interface 5040. For example, after scanning join code 5032-2, device 5000 joins the AR environment of device 100 automatically, without additional user input.

FIG. 5J illustrates device 100 and device 5000 sharing a same AR environment, including virtual object 5002, after device 5000 joins the AR environment of device 100. The perspective views of device 100 and device 5000, of the AR environment, vary based upon the relative positions and orientations of the devices in the physical environment. For example, device 5000 views virtual object 5002 within the AR environment relative to the physical position of device 5000 (to the left of device 100) in physical environment 5018. Thus, virtual object 5002 (and table 5020) appear closer to the right side and to the bottom of the display of device 5000 as compared to the display of virtual object 5002 (and table 5020) on device 100, which appear centered. The view of the virtual object (and physical world) change as the physical position and/or orientation of the device changes. To that end, virtual objects that are placed into the AR environment of device 100 are viewable by device 5000 when device 5000 is positioned (e.g., in the physical world) such that the view of the one or more cameras of device 5000 includes the location corresponding to a respective virtual object in the AR environment.

FIG. 5K illustrates device 5000 adding a virtual object 5050 to the AR environment (that is shared by device 5000 and device 100). User input 5040 places virtual object 5050 on a wall of the physical environment 5018 in which device 5000 and device 100 are operated.

FIG. 5L illustrates device 100 displaying virtual object 5050 that was added by user input 5040 on device 5000. In this way, device 100 updates its view of the shared AR environment to view objects added to the AR environment by device 5000. Virtual objects are thus viewable on devices that share a same AR environment.

FIGS. 6A-6B are flow diagrams illustrating method 600 of sharing, between electronic devices, virtual objects within an augmented reality environment in accordance with some embodiments. Method 600 is performed at a first electronic device (e.g., a computer system 301, portable multifunction device 100, device 300, or device 5000) that includes (and/or is in communication with) a display generation component (e.g., display generation component(s) 304 or 309, FIG. 3B or 3C), one or more cameras (e.g., camera(s) 306 or 311, FIG. 3B or 3C; or optical sensors 164, FIG. 1A), and one or more input devices (examples of which are described with reference to FIGS. 1A, 3A, 3B and 3C), optionally one or more pose sensors (e.g., pose sensors 306, 312, FIGS. 3B, 3C), optionally one or more sensors (e.g., contact intensity sensors 165, FIG. 1A, or sensors 359, FIG. 3A) to detect intensities of contacts with the touch-sensitive surface, and optionally one or more tactile output generators (e.g., tactile output generators 167, FIG. 1A, or tactile output generators 357, FIG. 3A). Some operations in method 600 are, optionally, combined and/or the order of some operations is, optionally, changed.

As described below, method 600 provides an intuitive way to join a shared augmented reality environment. The method reduces the number, extent, and/or nature of the inputs from a user when joining a shared AR environment, thereby creating a more efficient human-machine interface. For battery-operated electronic devices, enabling a user to join shared AR environments faster and more efficiently conserves power and increases the time between battery charges.

The first electronic device captures (602), with the one or more cameras, an image of a second electronic device that includes (e.g., computer readable, or encoded) position information displayed via a display generation component of the second electronic device. The position information indicates (604) a location of the second electronic device within an augmented reality environment that includes a physical environment in which the first electronic device and the second electronic device are located. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 5H, device 5000 (the first electronic device in this example) captures an image of device 100 (the second electronic device in this example), where device 100 displays position information (e.g., join code 5032-2) indicating a location of the device 100 within an augmented reality environment.

The first electronic device, after capturing the image of the second electronic device that includes the position information, displays (606), via the display generation component of the first electronic device, one or more virtual objects within the augmented reality (AR) environment using the position information captured from the second electronic device. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 5J, after device 5000 captures the image of device 100, device 5000 displays virtual object 5002 at a position in the AR environment that it determines, at least in part, using the position information captured from the second electronic device.

In some embodiments, after capturing (604) the image of the second electronic device, and prior to displaying (606) one or more virtual objects within the augmented reality (AR) environment, the first electronic device joins an AR session (e.g., an AR session running on the second electronic device) that includes the second electronic device, using the captured image of the second electronic device that includes the position information. For example, in FIG. 5B, device 100 is running an AR session that includes virtual object 5002, while device 5000 is not yet participating in the same AR session as device 100, and thus does not display virtual object 5002. However, in FIG. 5J, device 5000 has joined the AR session in which device 100 participates, using the captured image of the second electronic device that includes the position information, such that device 5000, after joining the AR session, displays an AR view that includes virtual objects that are within the AR session, including virtual object 5002. In some embodiments, members of an AR session (e.g., the first electronic device and the second electronic device, after the first electronic device joins the AR session of the second electronic device) share AR environment information for an AR environment corresponding to the AR session, including virtual object information for virtual objects in the AR environment that includes both the first electronic device and second electronic device.

Scanning an image that is displayed on another electronic device that is executing an AR environment, and using the scanned image to determine the relative positions of the devices, allows a user to seamlessly join an AR environment that is running on the other device without requiring user input, thereby eliminating user error from aligning the devices with physical objects or anchors. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, the position information displayed by the second electronic device includes (608) machine-readable visual information that includes the position information. For example, the machine-readable visual information comprises a machine-readable code, such as a bar code or a QR code, displayed characters, or another type of visual pattern that includes machine readable information. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 5D, the second electronic device, device 100, displays a QR code.

Embedding information in a scannable image allows the first electronic device to process the information and calculate its position without requiring user input, thus eliminating user error from aligning physical objects to synchronize its position with another device. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, the machine-readable visual information (e.g., a bar code, a QR code, displayed characters, or another type of visual pattern that includes machine readable information) is displayed (610) at a position on the second electronic device known to the first electronic device prior to capturing the image of the second electronic device. For example, before capturing the image of the second electronic device, the first electronic device knows at what position (e.g., relative to a predefined portion of the second electronic device, such as the camera of the second electronic device, or the display of the second electronic device) the machine-readable visual information should be displayed on the second electronic device. In this way, the first electronic device can determine its position relative to the second electronic device based on the position of the machine-readable visual information (in the captured image of the second electronic device) displayed via the display generation component of the second electronic device.

Identifying the physical size and/or position of an image as displayed on another device allows a device (e.g., a first device) to determine its relative position to the other device (e.g., by scaling the size of the scanned image as compared to the known size of the image in the physical world), thus calculating and synchronizing its position as compared to other device without requiring a user to determine and input the relative location of the user's device. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, the first electronic device receives (612) from the second electronic device, prior to capturing the image of the second electronic device, information about the second electronic device that includes display position information (e.g., code position information for a visual code such as a QR code, a bar code or other machine-readable visual information) that provides information about a position on the second electronic device at which the machine-readable visual information is displayed. For example, the display position information includes a position (or includes information regarding a position) at which the machine-readable visual information is displayed within the display of the second electronic device, or a position of a specific portion of the machine-readable visual information (e.g., it's left bottom corner) relative a specific portion of the second electronic device (e.g., a left bottom corner of the second electronic device), or a position of a specific portion of the machine-readable visual information relative to the position of the second electronic device (e.g., the position of the second electronic device used for determining its position within the augmented reality environment). In some embodiments, the display position information includes size information, angle (e.g., orientation) information, or other positional information related to the display of the machine-readable visual information on the second electronic device. In some embodiments, the first electronic device receives the display position information concurrently with capturing the image of the second electronic device (e.g., at substantially the same time), before capturing the image of the second electronic device, or after capturing the image of the second electronic device.

In some embodiments, the first electronic device calculates the position of the first electronic device relative to the second electronic device based on information, stored on the first electronic device, regarding the location and size of the position information (e.g., machine-readable visual information) on the display of second electronic device.

Furthermore, in some embodiments, the first electronic device determines, based on location and orientation of the displayed machine-readable visual information, a location of the first electronic device relative to the second electronic device. For example, in some embodiments, the first electronic device uses the size, location and orientation of the machine-readable visual information (e.g., join code 5032-2, FIG. 5H) in the captured image of the second electronic device (e.g., device 100, FIG. 5H), as well as the display position information regarding the location and size of the position information (e.g., machine-readable visual information) on the display of second electronic device, to calculate the position of the first electronic device relative to the second electronic device.

In another example, the first electronic device receives information about the second electronic device, such as a type of the device (e.g., or a size of the display generation component of the second electronic device). More specifically, for example, the first electronic device receives, from the second electronic device, a device identifier indicating the device type of the second electronic device, and from that information the first electronic device determines a display size of the second electronic device and a size of the machine-readable visual information as displayed at the second electronic device (e.g., by performing a table lookup operation in a table that maps respective device types to information about display size, and/or the size and/or location of the machine-readable visual information as displayed by devices having those respective device types). By comparing that information with the size of the machine-readable visual information in the captured image of the second electronic device, the first electronic device determines the physical position of the second electronic device relative to the first electronic device. In summary, in some embodiments, the physical position of the second electronic device relative to the first electronic device is determined by the first electronic device based on received information about the second electronic device, which it uses to analyze the captured image of the second electronic device.

Obtaining information about another electronic device that is displaying an image (e.g., an image having the machine-readable visual information discussed above) having a known size and/or the position on the other device at which the image is displayed improves the accuracy of the device's position, relative to the other device or relative to the augmented reality environment, that the device determines based on its capture of the image with one or more cameras, compared with the accuracy of a position that would be determined by the device based solely on its capture of the image, and eliminates the need for a user to determine and input the location of the user's device. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, changes in the position information displayed by the second electronic device are animated (614) over time. For example, as discussed above with reference to FIGS. 5D-5E, the second electronic device displays an image, which includes the position information, that is a moving (e.g., animated) image. In some embodiments, changes in the position information are animated continuously over time (e.g., the encoded information moves) independently of whether the second electronic device physically changes position. In some embodiments, the changes in the position information are animated over time in accordance with physical movement of the second electronic device (e.g., and the updated position information to reflect the new position).

Animating the image to reflect that the position information is updated provides a more accurate determination of position, thus eliminating the need for a user to determine, input and update the location of the user's device as the devices move. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, the position information displayed by the second electronic device (e.g., a portion of the position information) is updated (616) by the second electronic device as the position of the second electronic device in the AR environment changes. For example, the position information is associated with a particular time such that, when the second device has a first position, the position information includes a visual indication of the first position, and when the second device has a second position, the position information includes a visual indication of the second position, where the second visual indication is different from the first visual indication. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 5D-5E, as the second electronic device moves (e.g., as the position of the second electronic device in the AR environment changes), from the position shown in FIG. 5D to the position shown in FIG. 5E, join code 5032-1 is updated to join code 5032-2 to reflect the change in position of the second electronic device.

Updating the information embedded in a scannable image used by a device to determine its position relative to the AR environment (e.g., relative to the origin of the AR environment) provides a more accurate determination of position, thus eliminating user error in aligning physical objects to synchronize its position with another device and eliminating the need for a user to determine and input the location of the user's device. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, the first electronic device displays (618) (e.g., previews), via the display generation component of the first electronic device, the updated position information as the position information is updated by the second electronic device. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 5H, device 5000 (e.g., the first electronic device) displays (e.g., in a camera preview) a field of view of a respective camera that includes device 100, including displaying the position information (join code 5032-2) that is displayed on device 100 (e.g., the second electronic device). In some embodiments, in response to device 100 changing position, join code 5032-2 is also updated, and the updated join code is displayed on device 5000 (e.g., in the camera preview).

Displaying the updated information embedded in a scannable image used by a device to determine its position relative to the image (or relative to the device displaying the image) provides a more accurate determination of position, thus eliminating user error in aligning physical objects to synchronize its position with another device and the need for a user to determine and input the location of the user's device. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, the position information displayed by the second electronic device at a particular time is (620) associated with the position of the second electronic device in the physical environment (e.g., relative to a point of origin) at that particular time. For example, the first device is enabled to determine consistent positions of the first device and second device within the augmented reality (AR) environment.

Associating current position information with a current time provides a more accurate way to track the position of the second electronic device relative to the first electronic device, thus eliminating user error in aligning physical objects to synchronize the device's position with another device and eliminating the need for a user to determine, input, and update the location of the user's device. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, the first electronic device receives (622), from the second electronic device, information that includes at least a portion of a three-dimensional map (e.g., a world map) of the AR environment. In some embodiments, the position information received by the first electronic device when it captures an image of the second electronic device includes information identifying a shared origin, shared by the first electronic device and second electronic device, in the AR environment. In some embodiments, the first electronic device shares information for at least a portion of the AR environment with the second electronic device, in addition to the second electronic device sharing information for at least a (same, different, or overlapping) portion of the AR environment with the first electronic device. In some embodiments, after synchronization, information obtained from both the first electronic device and the second electronic is used to update the shared three-dimensional map (e.g., through the AR session shared by both devices, or through a joint mapping session). In some embodiments, the synchronization of the AR environment of the first electronic device to the AR environment of the second electronic device is performed without reference to any physical anchors or markers in the physical environment.

Sharing a map of the AR environment with each participant device in the AR environment improves the synchronization of the participant devices within the AR environment, including the synchronization of virtual objects, without the need for user input to manually determine or update its position. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, the first electronic device (e.g., before, after or while capturing the image of the second electronic device) receives (624) information from the second electronic device using a wireless connection (e.g., a peer to peer wireless connection, a short range wireless connection, or a wireless network connection). In some embodiments, the received information includes a three-dimensional map of the AR environment (e.g., running at the second electronic device). In some embodiments, the information is received (e.g., and transmitted) automatically without user input.

Communicating information via a wireless connection between the first and second electronic devices, in combination with the information determined from the captured image of the second electronic device, improves the ability of the first electronic device to determine its position relative to the second electronic device without requiring additional user input to share information between the devices. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, the first electronic device, prior to capturing the position information (e.g., by capturing an image of the second electronic device that includes the position information), receives (626) a user input and initiates, based on user input, a process for establishing augmented reality co-presence with the second electronic device (e.g., or a third electronic device). For example, as illustrated in FIG. 5C, a user interface 5022 is provided a user interface or an affordance in a user interface to initiate sharing of an AR environment. While FIG. 5C illustrates user interface 5022 displayed on device 100, it will be understood that user interfaces and capabilities described with reference to device 100 can also be performed by device 5000, and vice versa.

Providing a user with an option to begin sharing an AR environment that is already running on the user's device, instead of requiring the user to initiate a new, distinct AR environment to share the AR environment with other users (where a new AR environment allows multiple participants to join only when the AR environment is first initiated, but not after), improves the user experience by allowing users to share existing AR environments. Reducing the number of inputs needed to perform an operation enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user to provide proper inputs and reducing user mistakes when operating/interacting with the device) which, additionally, reduces power usage and improves battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device more quickly and efficiently.

In some embodiments, the first electronic device, receives a user input to add one or more virtual objects to the AR environment. In some embodiments, in response to the user input, the first electronic device adds the one or more virtual objects to the AR environment. In some embodiments, the one or more virtual objects in the AR environment are displayed at the second electronic device when the second electronic device is at a respective position within the AR environment to view the one or more virtual objects added by the first electronic device (e.g., based on the shared three-dimensional map information).

In some embodiments, the first electronic device is a wearable device, such as a headset (e.g., a head mounted AR and/or VR device where a user interface is displayed or projected in front of the user's eyes and includes one or more cameras that capture information about a surrounding physical environment and capture the position information displayed on the second device), and the second device is a handheld device. In some embodiments, both devices are handheld devices or both device are wearable devices. In some embodiments, the second electronic device is a wearable device (e.g., a head mounted AR and/or VR device where the position information is displayed on an external or internal display device of the head mounted AR and/or VR device that is available to be captured by the first device) and the first electronic device is a handheld device.

In some embodiments, the one or more virtual objects are displayed via the display generation component of the first electronic device and by the second electronic device at a same location and orientation relative a shared point of origin in the AR environment. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 5J, device 5000 and device 100 both display virtual object 5002 on the respective displays of the respective device.

In some embodiments, prior to capturing the position information, the first electronic device receives a user input initiating a process for co-presence with the second electronic device in the AR environment, and, in response to receiving the user input, in accordance with the user input comprising a first predefined input, the first electronic device displays a graphical user interface that includes at least a portion of a field of view of the one or more cameras, wherein the position information is captured while the first electronic device is displaying the graphical user interface. For example, the first electronic device shows a user interface for joining an existing AR session, as illustrated in FIG. 5G. In some embodiments, in response to receiving the user input, in accordance with the user input comprising a second predefined input, the first electronic device displays a graphical user interface that includes position information indicating a location of the first electronic device within a second augmented reality environment that includes the physical environment in which the first electronic device and the second electronic device is situated. For example, in response to receiving the second predefined input (e.g., distinct from the first predefined input), the first electronic device initiates sharing the AR session, such as user interface 5022 illustrated in FIG. 5C.

In some embodiments, the physical environment includes a third electronic device, and the first electronic device displays, via the display generation component of the first electronic device, position information indicating a location of the first electronic device within the AR environment. After the third electronic device uses the displayed position information indicating the location of the first electronic device within the AR environment to join an AR session that includes the first, second and third electronic devices (e.g., in response to, or in accordance with the third electronic device joining the AR session), the first electronic device shares information for at least a portion of the AR environment with the third electronic device. In this way, one or more additional devices can join the same AR session as the AR session that is shared by the first and second electronic devices.

In some embodiments, the first electronic device generates tactile feedback (e.g., using tactile output generators 167, FIG. 1A, or 357, FIG. 3A) in conjunction with one or more of events at the first electronic device selected from the group consisting of capturing the image of the second electronic device that includes the position information, joining the AR session (e.g., synchronizing the AR environment), receiving information about the second electronic device that includes position information for the machine-readable visual information, receiving information that includes at least a portion of the three-dimensional map of the AR environment, sharing information for at least a portion of the AR environment, and initiating a process for establishing AR co-presence with the second electronic device.

It should be understood that the particular order in which the operations in FIGS. 6A-6B have been described is merely an example and is not intended to indicate that the described order is the only order in which the operations could be performed. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various ways to reorder the operations described herein.

The operations described above with reference to FIGS. 6A-6B are, optionally, implemented by components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B. For example, capturing operation 602 and displaying operation 606 are, optionally, implemented by event sorter 170, event recognizer 180, and event handler 190. Event monitor 171 in event sorter 170 detects a contact on touch-sensitive display 112, and event dispatcher module 174 delivers the event information to application 136-1. A respective event recognizer 180 of application 136-1 compares the event information to respective event definitions 186, and determines whether a first contact at a first location on the touch-sensitive surface (or whether rotation of the device) corresponds to a predefined event or sub-event, such as selection of an object on a user interface, or rotation of the device from one orientation to another. When a respective predefined event or sub-event is detected, event recognizer 180 activates an event handler 190 associated with the detection of the event or sub-event. Event handler 190 optionally uses or calls data updater 176 or object updater 177 to update the application internal state 192. In some embodiments, event handler 190 accesses a respective GUI updater 178 to update what is displayed by the application. Similarly, it would be clear to a person having ordinary skill in the art how other processes can be implemented based on the components depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B.

The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best use the invention and various described embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: at a first electronic device with one or more processors, memory, and one or more cameras, the first electronic device in communication with a display generation component: capturing, with the one or more cameras, an image of a second electronic device that includes position information displayed via a display generation component of the second electronic device, wherein the position information indicates a location of the second electronic device within an augmented reality environment that includes a physical environment in which the first electronic device and the second electronic device are located; and after capturing the image of the second electronic device that includes the position information, displaying, via the display generation component of the first electronic device, one or more virtual objects within the augmented reality (AR) environment using the position information captured from the second electronic device.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the position information displayed by the second electronic device includes machine-readable visual information that includes the position information.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the machine-readable visual information is displayed at a position on the second electronic device known to the first electronic device prior to capturing the image of the second electronic device.
 4. The method of claim 2, including receiving from the second electronic device, prior to capturing the image of the second electronic device, information about the second electronic device that includes display position information that provides information about a position on the second electronic device at which the machine-readable visual information is displayed.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein changes in the position information displayed by the second electronic device are animated over time.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the position information displayed by the second electronic device is updated by the second electronic device as the position of the second electronic device in the AR environment changes.
 7. The method of claim 6, including displaying, via the display generation component of the first electronic device, the updated position information as the position information is updated by the second electronic device.
 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the position information displayed by the second electronic device at a particular time is associated with the position of the second electronic device in the physical environment at that particular time.
 9. The method of claim 1, including receiving, from the second electronic device, information that includes at least a portion of a three-dimensional map of the AR environment.
 10. The method of claim 1, further including receiving information from the second electronic device using a wireless connection.
 11. The method of claim 1, further including, prior to capturing the position information, receiving a user input and initiating, based on user input, a process for establishing augmented reality co-presence with the second electronic device.
 12. A first electronic device, comprising: a display generation component; one or more cameras; one or more input devices; one or more processors; and memory storing one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for: capturing, with the one or more cameras, an image of a second electronic device that includes position information displayed via a display generation component of the second electronic device, wherein the position information indicates a location of the second electronic device within an augmented reality environment that includes a physical environment in which the first electronic device and the second electronic device are located; and after capturing the image of the second electronic device that includes the position information, displaying, via the display generation component of the first electronic device, one or more virtual objects within the augmented reality (AR) environment using the position information captured from the second electronic device.
 13. A computer readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions that, when executed by a first electronic device that includes and/or is in communication with a display generation component, one or more cameras, and one or more input devices, cause the first electronic device to: capture, with the one or more cameras, an image of a second electronic device that includes position information displayed via a display generation component of the second electronic device, wherein the position information indicates a location of the second electronic device within an augmented reality environment that includes a physical environment in which the first electronic device and the second electronic device are located; and after capturing the image of the second electronic device that includes the position information, display, via the display generation component of the first electronic device, one or more virtual objects within the augmented reality (AR) environment using the position information captured from the second electronic device. 